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A new analysis of data from the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) reveals fresh evidence that collisions of even very small nuclei with large ones might create tiny ...

Very soon after the Big Bang, the universe enjoyed a brief phase where quarks and gluons roamed freely, not yet joined up into hadrons such as protons, neutrons and mesons. This state, called a ...

A boiling sea of quarks and gluons, including virtual ones—this is how we can imagine the main phase of high-energy proton collisions. It would seem that particles here have significantly more ...

Physicists at Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany, have used supercomputer simulations to predict a specific ...

Inside high-energy proton collisions, quarks and gluons briefly form a dense, boiling state before cooling into ordinary particles. Researchers expected this transition to change how disordered the ...

Holographic QCD employs ideas drawn from string theory and the AdS/CFT correspondence to study the strong coupling regime of quantum chromodynamics, offering a dual gravitational description of quark ...

String theory found its origins in an attempt to understand the nascent experiments revealing the strong nuclear force. Eventually another theory, one based on particles called quarks and force ...

Stony Brook University physicists Gabor David and Axel Drees sketch out how a signal of jet energy loss in deuteron-gold collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) supports the case that ...

When two high-energy protons from the counter-circulating beams of the LHC collide, the entropy of the interacting quarks and gluons is virtually identical to the entropy of the hadrons that ...