Pion exchange: the team used data from the HERA accelerator, which ran at DESY in Hamburg. (Courtesy: DESY) Gluons contribute around 30% to the total momentum of energetic pions, which is about three ...

The two-dimensional spatial distribution of mass due to gluons in the nucleon (left) and the pion (right), simulated at seven valence pion masses with lattice quantum chromodynamics. Understanding the ...

Pions are some of matter’s simplest particles. They’re built from the same building blocks as protons and neutrons, smaller particles known as quarks. While a proton is made from three quarks, only ...

Researchers from the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), together with collaborators from the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica in Brazil and Iowa State ...

Dark matter is the mysterious stuff that cosmologists think makes up some 85 percent of all the matter in the universe. A new theory says dark matter might resemble a known particle. If true, that ...